Introduction / Background）

The development of 5G provides a relevant historical precedent for understanding how foundational technologies become international standards.

A well-known example is the adoption of Polar Codes into 5G control channels. Originally proposed by Erdal Arıkan as an academic breakthrough in information theory, Polar Codes were widely recognized for their theoretical elegance but initially faced skepticism regarding their practical feasibility.

Their eventual inclusion in the IMT-2020 (5G) standard was not the result of a single invention or institution, but rather a decade-long process of intensive engineering validation, large-scale testing, and sustained industrial commitment. Multiple competing coding schemes were evaluated in parallel, with contributions from global industry participants through the 3GPP process under ITU coordination.

This history illustrates a broader principle of standardization: academic innovation alone is insufficient to shape global infrastructure. Only when a proposed solution is subjected to prolonged multi-party scrutiny, interoperability testing, and significant investment can it evolve from a theoretical result into a universally deployable standard. 译成中文。同时：· Introduction / Background）

The development of 5G provides a relevant historical precedent for understanding how foundational technologies become international standards.

A well-known example is the adoption of Polar Codes into 5G control channels. Originally proposed by Erdal Arıkan as an academic breakthrough in information theory, Polar Codes were widely recognized for their theoretical elegance but initially faced skepticism regarding their practical feasibility.

Their eventual inclusion in the IMT-2020 (5G) standard was not the result of a single invention or institution, but rather a decade-long process of intensive engineering validation, large-scale testing, and sustained industrial commitment. Multiple competing coding schemes were evaluated in parallel, with contributions from global industry participants through the 3GPP process under ITU coordination.

This history illustrates a broader principle of standardization: academic innovation alone is insufficient to shape global infrastructure. Only when a proposed solution is subjected to prolonged multi-party scrutiny, interoperability testing, and significant investment can it evolve from a theoretical result into a universally deployable standard.

下面是严格对等、可直接用于 ITU 论文的中文译文（语气保持标准组织/工程史风格，不做任何夸饰或再解释）。

引言 / 背景（Introduction / Background）

5G 的发展为理解基础性技术如何演化为国际标准，提供了一个具有代表性的历史先例。

一个广为人知的例子是 极化码（Polar Codes） 被纳入 5G 控制信道。极化码最初由 Erdal Arıkan 作为信息论领域的一项学术突破提出，其理论上的优雅性很快得到了学界的高度认可，但在早期阶段，其工程可行性仍然面临广泛质疑。

极化码最终被纳入 IMT-2020（5G）标准体系，并非源于某一项单一发明或某一个机构的决定，而是一个持续十余年的过程：在这一过程中，相关方案经历了密集的工程验证、大规模测试以及长期而稳定的产业投入。在 International Telecommunication Union 的协调框架下，通过 3GPP 的标准化进程，多种相互竞争的编码方案被并行评估，全球产业界的参与者持续贡献技术方案并展开技术博弈。

这一历史过程揭示了国际标准形成的一个更为普遍的规律：仅有学术创新本身，尚不足以塑造全球性基础设施。只有当某一技术方案经受住长期的多方审视、互操作性测试以及持续的大规模投入，才能从理论成果演进为可在全球范围内部署和运行的通用标准。